What You Should Know About Interracial Friendship

Interracial friendships have been the subject of television shows such as â€Å"Any Day Now† or films such as â€Å"The Lethal Weapon† franchise. To boot whenever prominent people make a racial misstep, they are so quick to declare that some of their â€Å"best friends are black† that the expression has become a clichà ©. The idea that hipsters desperately want black friends has also become pervasive in recent years. In reality, interracial friendships remain relatively uncommon. Racially segregated schools, neighborhoods and workplaces contribute to this trend. But even in diverse settings, interracial friendships tend to be the exception rather than the rule. Racial stereotypes and prejudice inevitably color how different racial groups perceive each other, resulting in divisions that pose challenges to potential cross-cultural friendships. Investigating Rarity While government agencies such as the U.S. Census Bureau collect data on interracial marriage, there’s no definitive way to determine how common interracial friendships are. Simply asking people if they have a friend of a different race has also proven to be ineffective given that the public is likely to include mere acquaintances as friends in an effort to appear well-rounded and open-minded. Accordingly in 2006, demographer Brent Berry set out to discover how common interracial friendships are by examining more than 1,000 photographs of wedding parties. Berry reasoned that people typically include their closest friends in wedding parties, leaving little doubt that the members of such parties would be true friends of the bride and groom. Those featured in the wedding party photos were of black, white and Asian origin or what Berry classified as â€Å"other† race. To say that Berry’s results were eye-opening would be an understatement. The demographer found that just 3.7 percent of whites were close enough to their black friends to include them in their wedding parties. Meanwhile, 22.2 percent of African Americans included white groomsmen and bridesmaids in their wedding parties. That’s six times the amount of whites who included blacks in theirs. On the other hand, whites and Asians included each other in wedding parties at roughly the same rate. Asians, though, include blacks in their wedding parties at just one-fifth the rate that blacks include them. Berry’s research leads one to conclude that African Americans are much more open to cross-cultural relationships than other groups. It also reveals that whites and Asians are far less inclined to invite blacks to join their wedding parties—presumably because African Americans remain so marginalized in the U.S. that a friendship with a black person lacks the social currency that a friendship with a white person or Asian carries. Other Barriers Racism isn’t the only barrier to interracial friendships. Reports that Americans have become increasingly socially isolated in the 21st also play a role. According to a 2006 study called â€Å"Social Isolation in America† the number of people Americans say they can discuss important matters with dwindled by almost one-third from 1985 to 2004. The study not only found that people have fewer confidants but that Americans increasingly confide in their family members rather than in friends.  Moreover, 25 percent of Americans say they have no one at all to confide in, more than double the amount of people who said the same in 1985. The impact of this trend affects people of color more than whites. Minorities and people with less education have smaller social networks than whites do. If people of color are more likely to depend on their family members for companionship than non-relatives it makes it unlikely that they will have many same-race friendships, let alone interracial ones. Hope For The Future While the public’s social networks may be shrinking, the amount of Americans in the 21st century who report having interracial friendships is up from 1985. The percentage of Americans who say they have at least one close friend of another race has risen from 9 percent to 15 percent, according to the General Social Survey, which the researchers behind â€Å"Social Isolation in America† used for their study. Nearly 1,500 people were questioned about the individuals with whom they’d recently discussed serious concerns. Researchers then asked participants to describe the race, gender, educational background and other characteristics of their confidants. Twenty years from now the amount of Americans involved in interracial friendships will surely increase.

Benefits Of Artificial Intelligence Technology - 1960 Words

1 INTRODUCTION It is undeniably correct that our lives have been largely managed by the recent technological advancements. Machines control most of our works and actions. Artificial intelligence technology is used both in private use and industrial use for years. These machines have high levels of autonomy, intelligence and inter-connectivity. But many people around the world suffer from the injuries caused by the machines and many seek claims of damages as well as redressal from the legal systems. The negligence caused by the AI leads to infringement of the rights of the victims and they are sufficiently entitled for claims of damages and compensation. The issue of tort liability of the robots and whether the current liability provides†¦show more content†¦3 RULE OF LAW 3.1 Tort A wrongful act or omission for which damages can be obtained in a civil court by the person wronged, other than a wrong that is only a breach of contract. The law of tort is mainly concerned with providing compensation for personal injury and property damage caused by negligence. 3.2 Negligence Carelessness amounting to culpable breach of a duty: failure to do something that a reasonable man would do, or doing something that a reasonable man would not do. In cases of professional negligence, involving someone with a special skill, that person is expected to show the skill of an average member of his profession. 3.3 Strict Liability Liability for a wrong that is imposed without the claimant having to prove that the defendant was at fault. It is no defence in these torts that the defendant took reasonable care to prevent damage, but various other defences are admitted. 3.4 Vicarious Liability Legal Liability imposed on one person for torts or crimes committed by another (usually an employee but sometimes an independent contractor or agent), although the person made vicariously liable is not personally at fault. An employer is vicariously liable for torts committed by his employees when he has authorized or ratified them or when the tort was committed during the employees work. respondeat superior 3.5 Damages A sum of money awarded by a court as compensation for a tort or a breach of contract. Damages are usually a lump-sum award. TheShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence Is The Most Important And Interesting One?1432 Words   |  6 Pagesout new ways to make technology greater so that life for us humans can be better. One of the major areas of innovation that scientists are continuing to improve upon is Artificial Intelligence. For this essay, the topic of ethics that I chose to write about is the Case Study on Artificial Intelligence; I chose this topic because I felt like it was the most important and interesting one. There are many different views and ideas concerning the subject of Artificial Intelligence and this paper will outlineRead MoreArtificial Intelligence In Technology1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The increasing use of artificial intelligence in technology will transform our societies for the worse.† Module: FC-503 Tutor Name: Assessment type: Essay Student Number: T0061516 Word Count: The theme of the 2017 Summer Davos meeting was about the fourth revolution of science and technology and artificial intelligence was undoubtedly one of the main topics discussed by people. From driving interactive voice with nobody to Alphago defeat the invincible chess champion Ke Jie (GibneyRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : Robotic Surgery1202 Words   |  5 PagesArtificial intelligence is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, referred to as robotic surgery, and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. In aeronautics, NASA is implementing robotic surgery for astronauts inRead MoreArtificial Intelligence1237 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is artificial intelligence? Should humanity be concerned? There are many interpretations of Artificial intelligence. Merriam Webster’s online dictionary defines artificial intelligence as â€Å"A branch of computer science, dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour, in computers or the capability of a machine, to imitate intelligent human behaviour† (Artificial Intelligence, 1828). With technology continually progressing and embedding itself into today’s population, from Siri on iPhoneRead MoreTechnology And Technology : The Economic Impact Of Technology?748 Words   |  3 PagesThe article begins with an example of how technology has evolved. Before the 1970s, gas stations had to hire employees to pump gas for customers. Today there are over 168,000 gas stations in the United States and very few of these stations hire attendants to pump gas. Maney then explores the true economic impact of the automation. For instance, the number of men with college degrees doubled and the number of women with college de grees quadrupled between 1970 and 2015. With more educated peopleRead MoreBenefits Of Artificial Intelligence761 Words   |  4 PagesArtificial Intelligence, more commonly referred to by its abbreviations AI, is defined as intelligence displayed by machines rather than humans. Its aptitudes include successfully recognising and comprehending human speech, computing simulations and analysing an immense amount of elaborate data. As there is limitless potential for this technology, there is a lot of research currently underway to develop AI with the ability to outperform humans at virtually every cognitive task, rather than specificRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1470 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial Intelligence, an acronym for AI. It is a new technical science in the research and development of intelligent theories, methods, techniques and applications for the simulation, extension and expansion of human beings. In my vision of the artificial intelligence in the future, artificial intelligence can not only manage the daily life of people, but also can become one of the family members to the human beings, and enjoy the same equal human rights. Even we can embed the mind of diedRead MoreThe Pros And Disadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1423 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial intelligence can be defined as the ability of a computer performing activities normally considered to require human intelligence. According to Blay Whitby, â€Å"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of intelligent behavior (in humans, animals, and machines) and the attempt to find ways in which such behavior could be engineered in any type of artifact. It is one of the most difficult and arguably the most exciting enterprise ever undertaken by humanity† (1). Technology is moving at a fastRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Impact864 Words   |  4 Pages Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact to The Modern World Artificial Intelligence is something that us humans have known about for many years now. It is something that has been brought up and popularized in movies and books, and is a subject matter that a lot of people enjoy reading up on. The benefits of artificially intelligences out weighs the risks, but it is something that should be treaded carefully. Based on movies and known theories artificially intelligence has the possibilityRead MoreShort Summary On Artificial Intelligence1324 Words   |  6 PagesAtwain Baker College 03/16/2017 Final Project (Artificial Intelligence) â€Æ' Artificial Intelligence Many people in this world have heard about the Artificial Intelligence (AI) but they never knew how it was developed and how is t growing. AI has been planned for years and is still one of the most mysterious subjects in Computer Science. In this essay I will be taking you into more of a short summary of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence has been one of the most important things that was

Television Is Bad for Children Free Essays

It has been suggested that watching television may do more harm than good to a child’s developmental skills. But a new study says that it all depends on what children watch — some educational programs on TV can actually enhance children’s intellectual development. Until now, television viewing has been blamed consistently for having a negative effect on children’s developmental skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Television Is Bad for Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the authors of a new study, which was published in the September/October issue of Child Development, argue that not all television programs are created equal. All TV is not alike,† says co-author Aletha Huston, PhD, professor of child development at the University of Texas at Austin. â€Å"Educational television can have a very positive impact on young children. † For the study, researchers recruited more than 200 children in the Kansas City area who were from low- to moderate-income families. About 40% of the children were African-Americans, and the rest were Hispanic and Caucasian Americans. During the 3-year study, which followed children from ages 2 to 4 years, researchers tested the children and visited their homes every year. The tests included reading, vocabulary, math, and school readiness. â€Å"Children who watched educational programming — particularly at age 2 and 3 — performed better on tests of school-related skills than children who did not watch educational television,† says Huston. â€Å"Watching a lot of general audience programming was related to poor skills. † After controlling for the family environment, which included parents’ education and family income, researchers found that watching educational programs on television may indeed translate to better skills. Daniel Anderson, PhD, professor of psychology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, says that the findings highlight the importance of the type of content that is viewed. â€Å"What children watch on television is the key,† says Anderson. â€Å"When the television programs are designed to teach, children learn good things. If they are not designed to teach, and especially if they include violence, children learn things that end up being bad for their behavior. Anderson points out that for children from low- to moderate-income families, such educational programming is filling in parts of their childhood experience that they might not otherwise get. â€Å"These children very often don’t have other educational resources available in their homes, such as age-appropriate books, and parents often don’t understand the importance of reading to their children and encouraging their children to read,† says Anderson. Researchers say that it is heartening to see that educational programming has become a regular, if small, part of broadcast offerings. Children can learn cognitive and social skills from such programs if parents supervise what they watch. â€Å"Television is a powerful tool to teach things good or bad,† says John Murray, PhD, professor in the school of family studies and human services at Kansas State University. null But he cautions that too much television for school-aged children may have the opposite effect. â€Å"The rule of thumb is two hours per day,† says Murray. â€Å"Watching too much television takes away time children spend on exercise and other school-related activities. A related study, released this week in the September issue of Ambulatory Pediatrics, found that easy access to television, such as having a TV in a child’s room, leads to more time spent in front of the tube. The study author, Jean Wiecha, PhD, says her study backs up that 2-hour rule. â€Å"Parents should limit the time children spend watching television,† says Wiecha, deputy director of the prevention rese arch center on nutrition and physical activity at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. â€Å"More than 2 hours of viewing time may have health consequences for children, such as obesity. Technology runs in the veins of society. It is the fuel that drives our lives. It is an integral part of daily life. It has definitely benefited society. It has brought luxury in the life of every common man. Automation brought about by technology has saved human effort and time to a large extent. It has brought distant places closer and simplified information access. It has made the world a smaller place to live in. Let us look at some of the important areas, where technology has brought a positive change. Automation of Processes in the Industry and the Household: Technology has automated many of the critical processes in the industry as well as the household. Imagine the amount of labor that must have been involved in industrial processes when the concept of automation did not exist. Electronic gadgets have entered homes of the common man to rescue him from the boredom of daily chores. Imagine the amount of time people must be spending doing household chores during the time there were no machines and household appliances. It’s better not imagined. Today’s is the age of robotics. Machines can learn, adopt new things and perform tasks with near-human efficiency. Changed Modes of Transport: The automobile industry and technology are interwoven. Time has witnessed this industry evolve from mechanical scooters to automated aircraft. Animals were the only modes of transport in the olden days. Technology was the driving force behind the creation and design of the modern-day automobiles. Bicycles evolved into scooters and sports bikes. The idea of having four-wheeled modes of transport gave rise to the creation of cars. Modes of air and water transport came up, thanks to technology. Reduced Risk to Human Life: Machines have automated many crucial industrial processes. Machines are now taking up mundane jobs that were once done by human workers. Technology has evolved to an extent where machines can perform tasks that are not feasible for man, either because they are risky or life-threatening or because they are beyond human capacity. The use of advanced technologies like robotics and artificial intelligence has proven to be helpful in life-risking endeavors like mining and space exploration. Data Management and Information Retrieval: Computer technology, needless to say, has changed the face of the world. Computers can store, organize and manage huge amounts of data. They can process large amounts of information. Computers have given rise to the software industry, one of the most progressive industries of the world. The Internet that seeded from computer networking concepts is the most effective communication platform and the largest information base existing today. Impact on the Entertainment and Advertising Industries: The Internet has brought a positive change to the entertainment and advertising industries. Over the Internet, advertisements can reach the masses within seconds. Internet advertisements have changed equations of the advertising industry. Branding on the Internet is much more effective that other forms of product promotion. The entertainment media has progressed because of advancements in technology. Movies, songs, games are a few clicks away. People have begun using the Internet to watch and download movies, listen to music, play games and entertain themselves. Thanks to handy, mobile and user-friendly devices, all this has become really easy. Onset of the Digital Age: There’s hardly anything analog now, we live in a digital world, a digital age. Talk pixels and bytes. The digitization of information has made it possible for us to store it in a compact form. Ever wondered how gigabytes of data can be stored on a small chip? Digitization it is! Also, digitization enriches the quality of data storage. Digital voice and digital images are of a higher quality. Digital cameras and digital TVs provide users with an enriched picture quality, thus bettering user experience with technology. Communication Redefined: Cellular communication has revolutionized the communication industry. The conventional telephone, also a piece of technology, was one of the earliest technological developments in communication. Mobile phones have broadened the horizons of communication by enabling convenient long-distance calling and mobile use. Letters have taken a backseat and emails and cell phone messages have become the easiest means to connect. Owing to developments in technology, communication is wireless. Social networking is another defining factor here. It has given an all new dimension to communication, entertainment and recreation. Satellite Technology: Satellite communication is an important facet of technology. Satellite TV and satellite radio have eased the broadcasting of events across the globe. How else do you think could matches and concerts be broadcasted live? Not just TV and radio, even communication to ships and airplanes wouldn’t have been possible if not for satellite communication. Even your hand-held devices wouldn’t be of use, if not for radio communication. These were still a few fields influenced by technology. It is almost impossible to enlist all the positive effects of technology on society. The fast-advancing technology on the whole, has given impetus to developments in various fields and improved the quality of human life. There’s less risk, less effort, less mess. There’s more leisure, more ease and more speed – all because of that ten-letter word – not a word, a phenomenon – technology. How to cite Television Is Bad for Children, Essay examples

Snows Of Kilimanjaro And Death Of Ivan Illych Essay Example For Students

Snows Of Kilimanjaro And Death Of Ivan Illych Essay The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway and The Death ofIvan Ilych by Leo Tolstoy are both excellent literary works that bothdeserve equal praise. Hemingways story is about a regretful, wasted authornamed Harry who is lying on an African plain dying of gangrene. Ivan, the maincharacter in Tolstoys story, is dying of a incurable illness and reminiscing ofhis life and grieving over everything he did not do right. Both stories haveequally effective points of view told in third person narrative. The Deathof Ivan Ilych has more realistic conflicts than does The Snows ofKilimanjaro which has extremely powerful symbols. Both Hemingway andTolstoy are successful in coupling these three elements with various themes tomake each of the stories equally enjoyable. The point of view used in TheDeath of Ivan Ilych and The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a thirdperson narrative, and has been used effectively in both stories. Each of theauthors use a shifting form of narration that efficiently helps to d epict bothHarrys and Ivans situation. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro, ErnestHemingways narrative changes from viewing the couple to inside Harrys mindthrough a series of italicized flashbacks and since the two perspectives aredifferentiated in the text the plot is relatively easy to follow. The narrativein The Death of Ivan Ilych is more complicated than The Snowsof Kilimanjaro. Tolstoy directs attention to Robbins 2 variousperspectives: from Ivans mind looking out, from the point of view of othercharacters, and from the outside focusing in on various characters. Hemingwayuses a narrative that is direct, most of which is dialogue, and through this thestory unfolds: Ive been writing, he said. But I just gottired. Do you think you will be able to sleep? Prettysure. Why dont you turn in? I like to sit here with you.Do you feel anything strange? he asked her. No. Just a littlesleepy. I do, he said. (Hemingway, 452) Tolstoy, on he otherhand, comments throughout the narration, interpreting each incidence: He reachedhome and began to tell his wife about it. She listened, but in the middle of hisaccount his daughter came in with her hat on, ready to go out with her mother. She sat down reluctantly to listen to this tedious story, but could not stand itlong, and her mother too did not hear him to the end. (Tolstoy,156) Both pointsof view have aspects that simplify them, as well as aspects that createconfusion. Hemingway effectively uses italicized sections to separate Harrysflashbacks from reality while Tolstoys narration is not as easy to comply withconsidering that there is no device to contrast the different perspectives. Tolstoys writing is an interpretation of the occurrences in Ivans life whereas Hemingways is more dialogue making it more challenging to interpret. Considering both stories have complicated narration with styles of writing thatcan be confusing as well as both using different literary devices to aid ineasing any confusion, the point of view in The Snows of Kilimanjarois no more effective that in The death of Ivan Ilych. The conflictsin The Snows of Kilimanjaro and in The Death of Ivan Ilychare Robbins 3 extremely similar and are both supported by a theme of coming toterms with a wasted life. The core of all conflicts is the external strifebetween both Harry and Ivan and the terminal illnesses that they battle. Sinceneither are in a position to overcome these diseases, various internal strugglesarise. Hemingway and Tolstoy both describe various failure and regret issues themain characters must examine: Now he would never write the things that he hadsaved to write until he knew enough to write them well. Well, he would neverfail at trying to write them either. Maybe you could never write them, and thatwas why you put them off and delayed the starting. Well he would never know,now. (Hemingway, 438) Harrys struggle concerns things he failed to completewhile Ivans is about all that he had accomplished through methods that were notmorally right: ?Yes, it was all not the right thing, he said tohimself, ?but thats no matter. It can be done. But what is the rightthing?' (Tolstoy,180). Tolstoy also explores an aspect of denial withinIvan making the use of conflict more effective than that used in The Snowsof Kilimanjaro. The pain did not grow less, but Ivan Ilych madeefforts to force himself to think that he was better (Tolstoy, 156). Thedenial Ivan experiences about his death is more realistic than Harrysacceptance of it. ?Im going to die tonight, he said. ?I dont needmy strength up' (Hemingway,447). Ivan struggles with death and pain, andattempts to battle it away after realizing that he has not lived his life as heshould of. Harry, on the other hand, is numb; he feels no pain and realizes heis dying but he does n ot struggle with death, he accepts it. This makes thestory very fictitious and creates no pathos for Harry. They each regret notliving to their potential and Ivans pain and suffering creates a great deal ofsympathy for him. Although the conflicts and use of theme are closely Robbins 4 related in both stories, Tolstoy creates pathos towards Ivan through a morerealistic situation rendering the conflicts in The Death of Ivan Ilychbetter than those in The Snows of Kilimanjaro. The symbols inThe Snows of Kilimanjaro are stronger and more meaningful that thosein The Death of Ivan Ilych. The dominant symbols in both storiesrepresent death; Hemingway uses a hyena and Tolstoy a black sack: Forthree whole days, during which time did not exist for him, he struggled in thatblack sack into which he was being thrust(Tolstoy,180). Both areexcellent symbols, when the hyena appears so does the rush of death and the sacrepresents the darkness of death. The Snows of Kilimanjaro also usesthe hyena to s ymbolize Harry because he posses all the qualities of the hyena,he is a lazy scavenger that takes the easy road in life. He lives by rich womenand has been too lazy to follow his dream of being a writer: He had destroyedhis talent by not using it, by betrayals of himself and what he believed in, byDrinking so much that he blunted the edge of his perceptions, by laziness, bysloth and by snobbery, by pride and by prejudice, by hook and by crook. .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .postImageUrl , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:hover , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:visited , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:active { border:0!important; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:active , .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8e33e8efc3bfe3cc76154077677d93b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Rose For Emily Character Analysis Essay(Hemingway,442) This symbol also demonstrates a theme in the story of livingwithout passion. Hemingway uses the leopard in the epigram at the beginning ofthe story to represent what Harry would like to be, someone with strength,courage and passion. The leopard is found at the top of the mountain and why itwent there is a mystery. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro the mountainrepresents the afterlife, a place of inspiration that Harry can go to achievethe characteristics of the leopard. In The Death of Ivan Ilych thenarrator states that In place of death there was light (Tolstoy,181). Tolstoy uses the light to represent Ivans afterlife. Th ere is alsosymbolism in the way Robbins 5 both Harry and Ivan die. Ivan slowly fades andwithers away to nothing in the same way his marriage, family and career did andHarrys leg is rotting away just as his life as a writer decayed due to hislaziness. The hyena, leopard, mountain and rot are very strong symbolsespecially since their significance can account for more than one thing. Tolstoys symbols are effective but only have single representations. Thesymbols used in The Snows of Kilimanjaro are more effective thanthose in the The Death of Ivan Ilych. because of their numerousportrayals. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Death of IvanIlych are equally excellent works of art. The point of view in bothstories is slightly confusing but each author uses an original literary deviceto simplify the story. The Death of Ivan Ilych uses conflicts thatare more realistic and that create pathos for the main character, making Tolstoymore effective than Hemingway in this aspect. Both stories use symbols that arestrong and very meaningful but Hemingways use of them is more effective inThe Snows of Kilimanjaro because they are multi representative. Considering these factors, and that both Hemingway and Tolstoy effectively weavethemes of wasted lives and lack of passion into their plots, neither story isbetter than the other.